This article is intended to be a practical guide for interventional radiologists to confidently field endocrine consultations and successfully perform endocrine venous sampling procedures. An interventionalist may be many years removed from medical school; a review of basic hormone signaling and the medical workup of common endocrinopathies will foster informed conversations with patients and referring providers. Although venous anatomy is encountered on a daily basis, knowledge of specific variants germane to venous sampling will decrease procedure times
and increase technical success. Finally, a review of sampling technique, results interpretation, and acknowledgment of limitations is presented in an organ-based approach.
